Global Business: Ease of Doing Business Leaders Countries - World Bank

 

Global Business: Ease of Doing Business Leaders Countries

In the dynamic landscape of global commerce, the "Ease of Doing Business" serves as a crucial barometer for assessing a country's attractiveness to entrepreneurs and investors. It reflects the efficiency and simplicity of the regulatory environment, bureaucratic procedures, and legal frameworks that govern commercial activities. 

While the World Bank's influential "Doing Business" report is no longer published, its legacy endures in how governments worldwide strive to create optimal conditions for economic growth and job creation. This commitment to fostering a seamless business environment is a defining characteristic of leading economies, which consistently demonstrate that streamlined processes, transparency, and robust legal systems are fundamental to attracting and retaining capital and talent.

The "Ease of Doing Business" index, once a flagship publication by the World Bank, provided a comprehensive assessment of the regulatory environment for businesses in various economies worldwide. While the World Bank paused the publication of new reports in 2020 due to methodological reviews, the final 2020 report and previous analyses offer valuable insights into which countries have historically fostered the most business-friendly environments.

Top Performers in the Last World Bank Ease of Doing Business Report (2020)

The final "Doing Business 2020" report provided a snapshot of the regulatory environment in 190 economies. Here are some of the countries that consistently ranked at the top, demonstrating a strong commitment to facilitating business operations:

Rank	Economy	DB Score (2020)	Key Strengths (as of 2020 report)
1	New Zealand	86.8	Strong performance across various indicators, particularly in starting a business and protecting minority investors.
2	Singapore	86.2	Renowned for ease of starting a business, enforcing contracts, and trading across borders.
3	Hong Kong SAR, China	85.3	Efficient in dealing with construction permits and protecting minority investors.
4	Denmark	85.3	Known for ease of starting a business, getting credit, and trading across borders.
5	Korea, Rep.	84.0	Excellent in dealing with construction permits and getting electricity.
6	United States	84.0	Strong in getting credit and resolving insolvency.
7	Georgia	83.7	Significant improvements in recent years, particularly in starting a business and registering property.
8	United Kingdom	83.5	Efficient in starting a business, getting credit, and resolving insolvency.
9	Norway	82.6	Strong in dealing with construction permits and getting electricity.
10	Sweden	82.0	Efficient in starting a business and trading across borders.

Note: The World Bank replaced the "Doing Business" report with the "Business Ready Project," with the first new reports anticipated in 2024. Therefore, the data presented above represents the last published comprehensive rankings under the original "Ease of Doing Business" methodology.

Key Components of the World Bank's "Doing Business" Index

The World Bank's "Doing Business" report, a highly influential annual study (though now discontinued), provided a comprehensive assessment of the regulatory environment for businesses across economies worldwide. It measured the ease of doing business by quantifying regulations and protections in 10 distinct areas that impact a typical small to medium-sized domestic firm throughout its lifecycle.

Here's a breakdown of the 10 core components that formed the basis of the "Doing Business" Index:

Component Category	Description
1. Starting a Business	Examines the procedures, time, cost, and minimum capital required for an entrepreneur to start a new business legally.
2. Dealing with Construction Permits	Measures the number of procedures, time, and cost associated with obtaining necessary building permits, inspections, and utility connections for a standard warehouse.
3. Getting Electricity	Assesses the steps, time, and cost for a business to secure a permanent electricity connection to its premises.
4. Registering Property	Quantifies the procedures, time, and cost involved in registering property, including land and buildings, and transferring ownership.
5. Getting Credit	Evaluates the strength of legal rights for borrowers and lenders (secured transactions law) and the accessibility and depth of credit information in public and private registries.
6. Protecting Minority Investors	Measures the extent to which minority shareholders are protected against conflicts of interest, including disclosure requirements, director liability, and ease of shareholder lawsuits.
7. Paying Taxes	Analyzes the number of tax payments, the time required to prepare and file taxes, and the total tax rate (total taxes and contributions as a percentage of gross profit).
8. Trading Across Borders	Examines the time and cost associated with the logistical processes of exporting and importing goods, covering documentation, border compliance, and domestic transport.
9. Enforcing Contracts	Measures the number of procedures, time, and cost required to resolve a standard commercial dispute through the judicial system.
10. Resolving Insolvency	Assesses the time, cost, and recovery rate for creditors when a business becomes insolvent, typically through bankruptcy proceedings.
Employing Workers (Supplemental)	(Note: This component was measured but not included in the overall Ease of Doing Business score or ranking. It provided insights into labor market regulations such as hiring, firing, and working hours flexibility.)

The Impact of Business-Friendly Regulations

The consistent high ranking of these economies underscores the benefits of a regulatory environment that supports business activity. Such environments often lead to:

• Increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Investors are more likely to put their capital into countries where the regulatory hurdles are low and the business climate is predictable.

• Stimulated Entrepreneurship: Simpler processes for starting and operating a business encourage local entrepreneurs to innovate and create new ventures.

• Enhanced Economic Growth: A robust private sector, facilitated by an easy business environment, contributes significantly to job creation, increased productivity, and overall economic prosperity.

• Reduced Corruption: Clear and transparent regulations can minimize opportunities for corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies.

While the "Ease of Doing Business" index has undergone a transformation, its legacy of highlighting the importance of a streamlined and supportive regulatory framework for business continues to influence policy discussions and reforms globally. Countries striving for economic development and diversification often look to the strategies implemented by these leading nations to create their own conducive business environments.

New Zealand: A Global Leader in Ease of Doing Business

New Zealand has consistently been recognized as one of the world's most business-friendly economies, often topping global rankings for its streamlined regulations and transparent environment. While the World Bank's "Doing Business" report, which formerly provided these widely cited rankings, has been discontinued, New Zealand's reputation for ease of doing business persists. Various other reports and analyses continue to highlight its favorable conditions for entrepreneurs and investors.

The country's high standing is attributed to a combination of factors that collectively create an attractive ecosystem for commercial activity. From efficient company registration processes to a stable political and legal system, New Zealand offers a welcoming environment for both domestic and international businesses.

Key Factors Contributing to New Zealand's Business-Friendly Environment

New Zealand's success in fostering a conducive business environment can be broken down into several key pillars:

Key Factor	Description	Impact on Businesses
Efficient Business Setup	Streamlined and often online processes for company registration, including obtaining a New Zealand Business Number (NZBN).	Reduces time and cost for starting a new venture, encouraging entrepreneurship.
Stable Political & Legal System	A consistent and predictable political landscape with a robust common law legal framework.	Provides certainty and reduces risk for investors, fostering confidence in long-term operations.
Low Corruption Levels	Consistently ranks among the least corrupt countries globally.	Ensures a fair and transparent playing field, minimizing irregular costs and fostering trust.
Transparent Regulatory Environment	Clear guidelines and regulations, often with digital services to simplify compliance (e.g., tax filing with Inland Revenue Department).	Reduces complexity and ambiguity, making it easier for businesses to understand and adhere to rules.
Open & Trade-Dependent Economy	Strong commitment to international trade with numerous free trade agreements (FTAs) and membership in agreements like CPTPP.	Facilitates access to global markets and reduces trade barriers, enhancing export and import opportunities.
Access to Credit & Investor Protection	Relatively easy access to credit and strong legal protections for minority investors.	Supports business growth and safeguards investments, making New Zealand an attractive destination for capital.
Skilled Workforce	A highly educated and productive labor force.	Provides businesses with access to the talent needed for innovation and operational efficiency.
Infrastructure	Reliable digital and physical infrastructure (internet, roads, airports).	Essential for efficient and consistent operations, supporting logistics and connectivity.
Favorable Tax System	A competitive corporate tax rate and the absence of certain taxes like capital gains tax on shares (under specific conditions).	Contributes to higher profitability and attractiveness for businesses.
Innovation & Sustainability Focus	Government support for research and development, fostering an environment where businesses can thrive on cutting-edge technology.	Encourages growth in high-value sectors and aligns with global trends towards responsible business practices.

Despite the discontinuation of the World Bank's specific "Doing Business" report, New Zealand's enduring commitment to a transparent, efficient, and stable environment ensures it remains a top choice for those looking to establish or expand their commercial activities. Its proactive approach to digital government services and its focus on an open economy continue to cement its reputation as a leading destination for ease of doing business.

Singapore: Powerhouse for Ease of Doing Business

Singapore has long been synonymous with an unparalleled environment for conducting business, consistently ranking among the top economies globally for its efficiency, transparency, and pro-business policies. While the World Bank's "Doing Business" report, which provided the widely referenced rankings, has ceased publication, Singapore's reputation as a magnet for entrepreneurs and investors remains firmly intact. Numerous international reports and economic analyses continue to laud its conducive conditions.

The city-state's remarkable success in fostering a thriving commercial ecosystem is a result of meticulous planning, forward-thinking policies, and a relentless commitment to reducing red tape. From its swift company incorporation processes to its robust legal framework and strategic global connectivity, Singapore offers a comprehensive and attractive proposition for businesses of all sizes.

Key Factors Contributing to Singapore's Business Acumen

Singapore's standing as a global leader in ease of doing business is built upon a strong foundation of several interconnected factors:

Key Factor	Description	Impact on Businesses
Efficient Business Registration	Streamlined digital processes for company incorporation via the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) Bizfile+ portal, often completed within a day.	Significantly reduces the time and effort required to establish a legal entity, encouraging quick market entry and fostering entrepreneurship.
Stable Political & Legal System	A highly stable political environment with a transparent, predictable, and robust common law legal system known for its strong enforcement of contracts.	Provides exceptional certainty and minimizes risks for investors and businesses, creating a secure environment for long-term planning and operations. Disputes are handled efficiently and fairly.
Low Corruption Levels	Consistently ranks as one of the least corrupt countries globally by organizations like Transparency International.	Ensures a level playing field, minimizes unofficial costs, and builds strong trust among businesses, government, and the public, leading to fair competition.
Favorable Tax System	Low corporate income tax rate (flat 17%) with numerous incentives, exemptions for startups, and a single-tier tax system. Absence of capital gains tax.	Enhances profitability and makes Singapore highly attractive for both local and foreign companies. Tax incentives stimulate growth, especially for new ventures, and attract foreign direct investment.
Openness to International Trade	Extensive network of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs), making it a significant global trade hub.	Facilitates seamless cross-border trade, reduces trade barriers, and prevents double taxation, thereby promoting international business and global supply chain integration.
World-Class Infrastructure	Highly developed physical infrastructure (world-class port, airport, public transport) and advanced digital connectivity.	Enables efficient logistics, communication, and overall business operations. Critical for businesses requiring high-speed data transfer, reliable transportation, and global reach.
Skilled & Multilingual Workforce	A highly educated, productive, and adaptable workforce proficient in English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil.	Provides businesses with access to a diverse talent pool capable of supporting sophisticated operations and engaging with international markets.
Strong Intellectual Property Protection	Robust legal framework and enforcement mechanisms for protecting intellectual property rights.	Safeguards innovation and creativity, attracting R&D-intensive industries and fostering a knowledge-based economy. Businesses are confident their innovations are protected.
Access to Funding & Capital	A well-developed financial sector with easy access to various funding options, including venture capital and private equity.	Supports business expansion and innovation, particularly for startups and SMEs, allowing them to scale and compete globally.
Government Support & Incentives	Proactive government policies and initiatives aimed at supporting businesses, fostering innovation, and promoting economic growth (e.g., grants, incubation hubs).	Creates a supportive ecosystem for businesses to thrive, encouraging R&D, digital transformation, and internationalization. This dynamic support helps businesses adapt to changing global landscapes.

Singapore's consistent focus on these core elements ensures that it remains an ideal location for businesses seeking efficiency, stability, and growth in the heart of Asia and beyond. The city-state's forward-looking approach to governance and economic development positions it as a resilient and attractive destination for global enterprises.

Hong Kong SAR: A Gateway to Global Business Excellence

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China has consistently been lauded as one of the world's most competitive and business-friendly economies. Renowned for its free market principles, robust legal system, and strategic location, Hong Kong offers a compelling environment for both local enterprises and international companies seeking to access the vast opportunities in Asia, particularly Mainland China.

While the World Bank's widely cited "Doing Business" report has been discontinued, Hong Kong's reputation for ease of doing business remains strong, consistently highlighted in various global competitiveness and economic freedom indices. Its unique "One Country, Two Systems" framework provides a distinct advantage, combining the benefits of a common law system and free economy with strong ties to Mainland China.

Key Factors Contributing to Hong Kong SAR's Business Prowess

Hong Kong's enduring success as a global business hub is underpinned by several crucial elements:

Key Factor	Description	Impact on Businesses
Efficient Company Registration	Streamlined and largely online processes for company incorporation with the Companies Registry and simultaneous business registration with the Inland Revenue Department. Often completed within a few days.	Minimizes administrative burden and costs for startups, enabling rapid market entry and fostering a dynamic entrepreneurial landscape.
Simple & Low Tax System	A territorial tax system, meaning only profits sourced in Hong Kong are taxed. Features a two-tiered profits tax rate (8.25% on the first HK$2 million and 16.5% thereafter) and no sales tax, VAT, capital gains tax, or withholding tax on dividends.	Significantly reduces tax liabilities and simplifies compliance, leading to higher profitability and making Hong Kong an attractive location for companies, including those engaged in international trade.
Free Market & Trade Policies	Highly open economy with free flow of capital, goods, and information. No restrictions on foreign ownership or investments, minimal tariffs, and simple import/export procedures.	Promotes vigorous competition and provides unparalleled access to global markets. Businesses benefit from reduced trade barriers and enhanced opportunities for international trade and investment.
Independent Legal System	Based on common law, separate from Mainland China's legal system, with an independent judiciary and strong protection of property and intellectual property rights. Enforcement of contracts is efficient.	Provides legal certainty, transparency, and a level playing field, which are crucial for attracting and protecting foreign investment and fostering a secure business environment.
Strategic Location & Gateway to Mainland China	Positioned at the heart of Asia, offering excellent connectivity to key markets. Its unique status as an SAR provides a direct and preferential gateway for businesses seeking to access the vast Mainland Chinese market through agreements like CEPA.	Facilitates regional and international business operations, offering unparalleled opportunities for market expansion into Mainland China while leveraging Hong Kong's international standards and connectivity.
World-Class Infrastructure	Highly developed and efficient physical infrastructure (port, airport, public transport) and advanced digital connectivity.	Essential for efficient logistics, supply chain management, and seamless communication, supporting the rapid movement of goods, services, and information.
Low Corruption Levels	Consistently ranks among the least corrupt economies globally, largely due to the efforts of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC).	Ensures a fair and equitable business environment, reducing business risks and promoting ethical conduct, which in turn fosters trust and confidence among investors and businesses.
Skilled & Multicultural Workforce	A highly educated, adaptable, and multilingual (English, Cantonese, Mandarin) talent pool.	Provides businesses with access to the human capital necessary for innovation, complex operations, and engaging with diverse international clients.
Robust Financial Sector	A leading international financial center with a deep capital market, strong banking system, and wide range of financial services.	Offers easy access to funding, financial instruments, and professional services, supporting business growth and facilitating international transactions.
Government Support & Proactive Policies	The Hong Kong SAR Government actively supports businesses through agencies like InvestHK, providing assistance with setup, visas, and market insights, and fostering specific sectors like FinTech and innovation.	Creates a supportive ecosystem for business development, helping companies navigate regulatory requirements, access resources, and capitalize on emerging opportunities. This proactive stance contributes to Hong Kong's continued economic dynamism.

Hong Kong's commitment to maintaining these fundamental advantages, combined with its unique constitutional status, ensures its continued appeal as a premier destination for businesses looking to thrive in the global economy and connect with the immense potential of the Asia-Pacific region.

Denmark: A Beacon of Business Efficiency and Innovation

Denmark consistently ranks as one of the easiest places in the world to do business, earning a reputation for its highly efficient bureaucracy, transparent legal framework, and strong emphasis on innovation and sustainability. While the World Bank's "Doing Business" report, which provided specific rankings, has concluded, Denmark's appeal to entrepreneurs and investors remains undiminished, frequently appearing at the top of global competitiveness and economic freedom indices.

The Danish business environment is characterized by a unique blend of a flexible labor market ("flexicurity"), a strong welfare state, and a deep-rooted culture of trust. These elements combine to create a supportive ecosystem where businesses can start, operate, and grow with relative ease and confidence.

Key Factors Driving Denmark's Business-Friendly Environment

Denmark's high standing in the global business arena can be attributed to several critical factors that simplify operations and encourage investment:

Key Factor	Description	Impact on Businesses
Efficient Company Registration	Highly digitalized and streamlined processes for business registration with the Danish Business Authority (DBA). Companies can often be incorporated online within a few hours or days.	Significantly reduces the time and administrative burden for setting up a new company, encouraging entrepreneurship and quick market entry.
Flexible Labor Market (Flexicurity)	A unique model combining flexible hiring and firing rules for employers with a strong social safety net (generous unemployment benefits, active labor market policies) for employees.	Allows businesses to adjust their workforce quickly to changing market conditions, reducing labor costs and promoting adaptability. Simultaneously, it fosters a highly skilled and motivated workforce.
Low Corruption Levels	Consistently ranks as one of the least corrupt countries globally, fostering a high degree of trust in both public and private sectors.	Ensures a transparent and fair business environment, minimizing unofficial costs and risks. This builds confidence among investors and encourages ethical business practices.
Stable Political & Legal System	A stable parliamentary democracy with a transparent and predictable legal framework based on civil law. Strong rule of law and efficient contract enforcement.	Provides certainty and reduces risk for businesses, ensuring that investments are secure and legal disputes are handled effectively.
Highly Digitalized Public Sector	Extensive use of digital solutions for public services, including tax filing, communication with authorities, and access to government portals (e.g., "MitID Erhverv" for digital signatures).	Reduces bureaucracy and administrative costs, making it easier and faster for businesses to comply with regulations and interact with government bodies.
Strategic Location & EU Membership	Located in Northern Europe, providing excellent access to the Nordic, Baltic, and broader European Union markets. As an EU member, it benefits from the single market.	Facilitates international trade and expansion, offering businesses access to a large consumer base and integrated supply chains within the EU.
Skilled & Multilingual Workforce	A highly educated, productive, and adaptable workforce with strong English proficiency, making it easy for international companies to operate.	Provides businesses with access to high-quality talent capable of driving innovation and engaging with international markets.
World-Class Infrastructure	Excellent physical infrastructure (transport networks, ports) and advanced digital infrastructure (high internet penetration, 5G).	Supports efficient operations, logistics, and communication, crucial for modern businesses, especially those in technology and logistics-intensive sectors.
Innovation & Green Technology Focus	Strong government support for research and development, a thriving startup ecosystem, and a leading position in green technology and sustainability.	Encourages the development of cutting-edge solutions and creates opportunities in high-growth sectors. Businesses benefit from a supportive environment for R&D and access to a network focused on sustainable practices.
Competitive Tax Conditions	While overall taxes are high to fund the welfare state, corporate tax rates are competitive (22%), and employer social security contributions are among the lowest in Europe.	Contributes to favorable operational costs for businesses, particularly regarding labor, and makes Denmark an attractive base for international operations despite its overall high tax burden on individuals.

Denmark's commitment to continuous improvement in its business environment, coupled with its strong societal values of trust and transparency, ensures its continued position as a top choice for companies seeking efficiency, innovation, and a high quality of life for their employees.

South Korea: A High-Tech Hub with a Strong Business Environment

South Korea stands as a global economic powerhouse, renowned for its technological prowess, innovative industries, and dynamic market. Consistently ranked among the top countries for ease of doing business, South Korea offers a compelling environment for both domestic and foreign investors. While the World Bank's "Doing Business" report has been discontinued, various other global indices continue to affirm South Korea's strong performance in business facilitation.

The nation's rapid economic development, often dubbed the "Miracle on the Han River," has been fueled by a strategic focus on exports, advanced manufacturing, and cutting-edge technology. This has translated into a robust and modern economy with a highly skilled workforce and world-class infrastructure, making it an attractive destination for businesses looking to innovate and expand in Asia.

Key Factors Contributing to South Korea's Business Attractiveness

South Korea's impressive standing in the global business landscape is built upon a foundation of several key factors:

Key Factor	Description	Impact on Businesses
Advanced Technology & Innovation	A global leader in areas like semiconductors, electronics, automotive, and shipbuilding, with significant government and private sector investment in R&D and emerging technologies like AI and green tech.	Provides access to a cutting-edge technological ecosystem, fostering innovation and offering opportunities for businesses in high-growth sectors. Businesses benefit from a skilled workforce with expertise in advanced manufacturing and digital technologies.
Efficient Company Registration	Streamlined processes for company incorporation, often with online services and government support programs like Invest KOREA, which offers one-stop services for foreign investors.	Reduces the time and complexity involved in establishing a business, facilitating faster market entry and encouraging both domestic and foreign direct investment.
World-Class Infrastructure	Highly developed physical infrastructure (e.g., high-speed rail, modern ports, efficient airports) and advanced digital connectivity (e.g., high internet penetration, 5G networks).	Enables efficient logistics, supply chain management, and seamless communication, which are crucial for global operations and technology-driven businesses.
Highly Skilled Workforce	A highly educated, diligent, and technically proficient workforce, particularly strong in engineering, IT, and R&D.	Provides businesses with a competitive advantage through access to top-tier talent, capable of driving innovation and maintaining high levels of productivity.
Government Support for FDI	Proactive government policies to attract foreign direct investment, including tax incentives, subsidies for high-tech industries, special economic zones (FEZs/FIZs), and simplified application procedures.	Encourages foreign companies to establish a presence in South Korea by reducing initial investment costs and offering ongoing financial benefits. It aims to foster growth in strategic industries.
Stable Political & Legal System	A firmly established democracy with a robust and independent legal framework. Strong enforcement of contracts and generally low political risk, though geopolitical tensions with North Korea exist.	Provides a predictable and secure environment for investments and business operations, ensuring legal recourse and protection of assets. Businesses can operate with confidence in the rule of law.
Openness to International Trade	A highly integrated global economy with a significant number of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs), facilitating cross-border trade.	Reduces trade barriers, making it easier for businesses to import and export goods and services, and integrates South Korea into global supply chains.
Sound Financial Sector	A well-regulated and robust financial system with a deep capital market, providing diverse funding options for businesses.	Offers readily available access to credit and investment capital, supporting business expansion, R&D, and overall economic growth.
Protection of Property Rights	Strong legal framework for protecting intellectual property rights, with various venues for enforcement and adequate remedies for infringements.	Safeguards innovation and creativity, attracting companies reliant on patents, trademarks, and copyrights. This encourages R&D and ensures fair competition.
Focus on R&D Tax Credits	Generous R&D tax deductions and incentives, especially for companies investing in high-tech sectors like biotechnology, IT, and AI.	Stimulates innovation and technological advancement by lowering the cost of research and development, making South Korea an attractive hub for R&D-intensive industries.

While South Korea offers numerous advantages, businesses should be aware of factors such as regulatory complexity (though improving) and certain cultural nuances, particularly regarding hierarchy in business relationships. Nevertheless, the nation's consistent drive for innovation and economic openness continues to solidify its position as a premier destination for doing business in the global landscape.

Navigating the Global Business Landscape: A Comparative Advantage

The ease of doing business remains a pivotal factor for attracting investment, fostering entrepreneurship, and driving economic growth worldwide. As the global economic landscape continues to evolve, shaped by geopolitical shifts, technological advancements, and a renewed focus on sustainability, countries that prioritize a favorable business environment are better positioned for resilience and prosperity.

The five economies examined – New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong SAR, Denmark, and South Korea – consistently stand out as exemplars in facilitating business activity. While the World Bank's "Doing Business" report is no longer published, the underlying principles that propelled these nations to the top of its rankings remain deeply embedded in their economic structures and policy frameworks.

Common Threads of Success:

Across these diverse regions, several recurring themes emerge as critical drivers of business ease:

• Digital Transformation: All five economies have embraced digitalization in public services, streamlining processes from company registration to tax filing. This commitment to e-governance significantly reduces administrative burdens and expedites operations.

• Regulatory Efficiency and Transparency: A clear, predictable, and consistently applied legal and regulatory framework is paramount. Businesses thrive in environments where rules are easy to understand and comply with, minimizing uncertainty and the potential for corruption.

• Openness to Trade and Investment: A strong commitment to international trade, characterized by numerous free trade agreements and minimal trade barriers, provides businesses with access to global markets and supply chains. Policies that actively attract and protect foreign direct investment are also crucial.

• Stable Governance and Rule of Law: Political stability, an independent judiciary, and robust enforcement of contracts and property rights instill confidence in investors, ensuring a secure environment for long-term business operations.

• Skilled Workforce and Innovation Ecosystems: Access to a highly educated, adaptable, and often multilingual talent pool, coupled with government support for research and development, fosters innovation and allows businesses to thrive in knowledge-based economies.

Individual Strengths and Adaptations:

While sharing common strengths, each economy also possesses unique characteristics that contribute to its particular appeal:

• New Zealand: Leverages its stable political system and transparent environment, along with a focus on agriculture and a growing tech sector, supported by its open and trade-dependent economy. Its recovery is expected to gather pace in 2025, supported by lower interest rates and stronger exports.

• Singapore: Distinguishes itself with its strategic location as a global trade and financial hub, world-class infrastructure, and highly favorable tax system. Its economy is forecast to expand moderately in 2025, driven by global trade and a resilient domestic sector, though susceptible to intensifying trade tensions.

• Hong Kong SAR: Benefits from its unique position as a gateway to Mainland China, a simple and low tax system, and an independent common law legal framework. Despite facing global uncertainties, Hong Kong's economy is projected for modest growth in 2025, with exports and investment driving recovery, while consumption may remain constrained.

• Denmark: Stands out for its "flexicurity" model, high level of digitalization in public services, and strong commitment to green technology and sustainability. Denmark's GDP growth is expected to moderate in 2025 following strong pharmaceutical exports, with domestic demand gradually strengthening.

• South Korea: Excels in technological advancement and innovation, boasting a highly skilled workforce and significant government support for R&D and foreign investment. Its economic outlook for 2025 has seen downward revisions due to potential impacts from trade tensions and a delayed domestic demand recovery, highlighting the challenges for its export-reliant economy.

Conclusion: A Blueprint for Future Growth

In a rapidly changing global economy, the principles of ease of doing business remain more relevant than ever. These five nations provide a compelling blueprint, demonstrating that a commitment to regulatory efficiency, transparency, digital infrastructure, and an open, stable environment is paramount for attracting investment and fostering dynamic commercial activity. As global economic growth is projected to decline with intensifying downside risks in 2025 due to escalating trade tensions and policy uncertainty, the ability of these countries to maintain their business-friendly environments will be crucial for navigating these headwinds and sustaining their competitive edge. Their continuous efforts to adapt and evolve their frameworks will be key to their ongoing success in the international arena.