FAO SOFIA: Salmonids Trade Volume
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) biennial report, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA), remains the definitive benchmark for global aquatic trade. As the seafood industry evolves, salmonids—including Atlantic salmon, Pacific salmon, and trout—have solidified their position as the world's most valuable traded species group.
Global Salmonids Trade Overview
According to the FAO SOFIA 2024 report, salmonids account for approximately 21% of the total global export value of all aquatic products. In 2022, the international trade of aquatic animal products reached a record high of $192 billion, with the salmonid group contributing over $40 billion to this total. This dominance is driven by high consumer demand in the United States, the European Union, and China, coupled with the continued expansion of intensive aquaculture in Norway and Chile.
Key Drivers of Trade Volume
The "Blue Transformation" highlighted in recent FAO findings emphasizes that aquaculture now provides over 51% of aquatic animal production. Salmonids are at the forefront of this shift:
Norway's Export Dominance: Norway remains the world’s second-largest exporter of seafood overall, primarily fueled by its Atlantic salmon industry, which reported stable exports valued at approximately $16 billion in 2024.
Chilean Contributions: Despite recent supply contractions, Chile remains a critical player, particularly in the production and export of Coho salmon and Rainbow trout.
Species Shift: While Atlantic salmon dominates by volume, there is a growing trade in specialized salmonids. For instance, Chilean rainbow trout harvests saw a significant increase of 21.5% in early 2024.
Market Trends and Projections (2024–2026)
While 2022 saw record-breaking values, the trade landscape in 2024 and 2025 has faced headwinds including inflation and shifting regulatory environments.
| Metric | 2022 Performance | 2024/2025 Outlook |
| Global Export Value | $195 Billion (Total) | ~ $171 Billion (Estimated) |
| Salmonid Share | ~21% of Total Value | Stable/Increasing Share |
| Top Exporters | China, Norway, Vietnam | Norway, Chile, Scotland |
| Primary Markets | USA, EU, China | Rising Demand in SE Asia |
Emerging Challenges
The FAO notes that while trade volumes remain robust, the industry must navigate biological obstacles such as rising sea temperatures and sea lice, which impacted Norwegian production in 2024. Additionally, trade value fluctuations are expected as markets adjust to new tariffs and sustainability certifications.
FAO Insight: To meet the projected global demand by 2050, aquatic food supply must grow by 22%, positioning salmonid aquaculture as a vital pillar for future food security.
Salmonids Trade Volume: Global Market Scorecard
In the global trade of aquatic products, salmonids have become the undisputed heavyweight of the export market. Based on recent production data and 2025–2026 performance reports, a select group of nations dominates the supply chain, driven by technological innovation and high international demand.
📊 Leading Countries Scorecard (2025/2026)
The following scorecard highlights the top nations based on their trade volume, market value, and strategic strengths in the salmonid sector.
| Country | Flag | Global Production Share | Est. Export Value | Core Specialization | Primary Markets |
| Norway | 🇳🇴 | 46.4% | $12.1 Billion | Atlantic Salmon & Trout | EU, USA, China |
| Chile | 🇨🇱 | 30.5% | $6.55 Billion | Coho & Atlantic Salmon | USA, Japan, Brazil |
| United Kingdom | 🇬🇧 | ~5% | $1.1 Billion | Premium Atlantic Salmon | France, USA |
| Canada | 🇨🇦 | ~3% | $0.7 Billion | Atlantic & Pacific Salmon | USA, China |
| Faroe Islands | 🇫🇴 | ~3% | $0.6 Billion | Large-grade Atlantic Salmon | EU, USA, Asia |
Key Producer Insights
🇳🇴 Norway (The Market Leader): 2025 was a landmark year for Norway. Despite shifting trade dynamics, its export volume saw significant growth, largely driven by a massive 99% increase in shipments to China. Norway utilizes advanced aquaculture infrastructure to maintain high sustainability standards required for the premium EU market.
🇨🇱 Chile (The Versatility King): Chile serves as the primary supplier to the Americas and Japan. In 2025, Chilean salmonid exports reached $6.55 billion. Notably, Chile leads the world in Coho salmon production, which has seen surging demand due to its culinary versatility and rapid growth cycles.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom (The Premium Choice): Scotland remains the heart of the UK salmon industry. In early 2025, the UK saw a 90% surge in fresh whole salmon export volumes, with the United States solidifying its position as the most valuable market for Scottish premium-grade fish.
🇸🇪 Sweden & 🇵🇱 Poland (The Processors): While not major harvesters, these countries are "processing powerhouses." They import raw salmon (primarily from Norway), process it into smoked or filleted products, and re-export it, adding billions in "value-added" trade volume.
Future Market Outlook
Global demand for aquatic food is projected to grow significantly through 2050. Current trends show a strategic shift toward Asian markets—particularly China and Thailand—as consumer preferences move toward high-protein, heart-healthy seafood alternatives to traditional red meats.
Norway's Salmonid Trade: Record-Breaking Volumes in 2025
Norway continues to reinforce its status as the "engine" of the global salmonid trade. According to the 2025 year-end report from the Norwegian Seafood Council, the nation achieved a historic milestone, exporting record-breaking volumes of salmon that have reshaped international market dynamics.
📈 Norway Salmonid Performance Data (2025)
| Metric | 2025 Performance | Year-on-Year Change |
| Salmon Export Volume | 1,414,909 tonnes | +13% |
| Salmon Export Value | NOK 124.7 Billion | +2% |
| Trout Export Volume | 86,903 tonnes | +16% |
| Trout Export Value | NOK 7.4 Billion | +10% |
Key Market Dynamics
The China Surge: 2025 saw an unprecedented 99% increase in salmon volume to China, totaling nearly 91,000 tonnes. This was driven by lower prices and a strategic move toward electronic health certificate systems that streamlined customs.
The US Tariff Impact: While the United States remains a top-tier market, growth slowed in late 2025 and early 2026. This is attributed to the implementation of 15% tariffs on Norwegian seafood and a strengthening Norwegian krone, making imports more expensive.
Poland’s Strategic Role: Poland maintained its position as the largest single destination for Norwegian salmon. Beyond its role as a massive processing hub for the EU, Polish domestic consumption surged in 2025, absorbing record raw material.
2026 Outlook: A "Tighter" Market
Entering early 2026, analysts (including those from Rabobank and Mowi) predict a rebalancing of the market. After the massive supply expansion of 2025, Norwegian production is expected to dip slightly in the first half of 2026 due to aggressive harvesting in previous quarters.
Forecast Note: While January 2026 saw a 20% volume spike (112,000 tonnes), the resulting price pressure is expected to normalize as global biomass levels are currently lower than in early 2025.
Chile's Salmonid Trade: Global Volume and Market Performance
Chile stands as the world's second-largest producer and exporter of salmonids, serving as a critical pillar of the global seafood supply chain. In the 2025–2026 trade cycle, the Chilean industry has hit record financial milestones, characterized by high export values and a strategic expansion into diverse species.
📊 Chile Salmonid Trade Scorecard (2025/2026)
The following metrics reflect Chile's dominant position in the international market, driven by its unique geography and industrial efficiency.
| Metric | 2025 Performance | Year-on-Year Change |
| Total Export Value | $6.55 Billion | +3.0% |
| Total Export Volume | ~982,000 tonnes (WFE) | +14.0% |
| Atlantic Salmon Share | 72% of Exports | Stable |
| Coho Salmon Share | 23% of Exports | Rapidly Expanding |
| Trout Share | 5% of Exports | Specialized Niche |
Leading Export Destinations
Chile’s trade strategy is highly diversified, targeting premium markets across North America, Asia, and South America.
🇺🇸 United States: The U.S. remains the primary destination, absorbing approximately 40% of Chile's total export value. Chile maintains a competitive edge over European producers in this market due to lower logistics costs and established supply chain partnerships for fresh fillets.
🇯🇵 Japan: As the secondary hub, Japan is the specialized market for frozen Coho salmon. Chilean exports to Japan reached over $1 billion in 2025, benefiting from the high culinary demand for sashimi-grade frozen products.
🇧🇷 Brazil: Chile is the undisputed leader in the Brazilian market. While volume grew by 2% in 2025, the region remains a high-volume outlet for fresh whole Atlantic salmon.
🇨🇳 China: In early 2026, Chile saw an aggressive expansion into China. January shipments alone surged by nearly 80% in volume, signaling a strategic move to capture the rising middle-class demand for high-protein seafood.
Key Drivers of Trade Volume
Species Diversification: Chile has successfully utilized Coho salmon to bridge supply gaps. Coho has a shorter production cycle and lower biological risk than Atlantic salmon, allowing Chilean farmers to bring volume to market faster.
Cost Leadership: By late 2025, Chile emerged as a global cost leader. While competitors in the Northern Hemisphere faced rising regulatory and biological costs, Chile’s integrated production model allowed for more stable margins.
Logistics and Infrastructure: The industry has shifted toward more efficient processing, with an increasing percentage of exports being "value-added" (portions and fillets) rather than whole fish, which increases the total export value per tonne.
2026 Strategic Outlook
As of the first quarter of 2026, the Chilean salmonid sector is projected to grow by roughly 4.2%. The industry is currently focusing on "Project Yelcho," a major initiative aimed at reducing antibiotic use to meet the strict sustainability certifications required by premium retailers in the EU and North America. This shift is expected to further stabilize Chile’s trade volume by securing long-term access to environmentally conscious markets.
UK Salmonid Trade: Record Volumes and Premium Market Growth
The United Kingdom, primarily through the Scottish aquaculture sector, remains one of the world's leading exporters of high-quality salmonids. In 2025, salmon solidified its position as the UK's top food export by value, outperforming other major categories such as cheese, beef, and lamb. Despite global price fluctuations, the sector achieved record-breaking export volumes, signaling robust international demand for premium Scottish products.
📈 UK Salmonid Export Performance (2025 Full Year)
| Metric | 2025 Performance | Year-on-Year Change |
| Total Export Volume | 110,942 tonnes | +9.0% |
| Total Export Value | £828 Million | -2.0% |
| Domestic Retail Value | £1.5 Billion | +7.2% |
| Direct Employment | ~2,500 people | Stable |
Key Market Dynamics and Global Destinations
The 2025–2026 trade period highlights a strategic shift for UK exporters, with significant growth in non-EU markets offsetting a dip in traditional European demand.
🇫🇷 France (The Historical Anchor): France remains the largest single market for Scottish salmon, accounting for 42% of total export value (£337.6 million). However, 2025 saw a 27% decline in value to this region, partly due to increased competition and a 13% drop in volume.
🇺🇸 United States (The Value Driver): The U.S. has rapidly closed the gap with France, now representing 40% of export value. In 2025, the value of shipments to the U.S. jumped by 34% (£300.6 million), while tonnage rose by an impressive 44%.
🇨🇳 China and SE Asia (The Growth Frontier): Asia is the fastest-growing region for UK salmonids. Exports to China surged by 55% in volume and 28% in value in 2025. This growth is mirrored across Southeast Asia, particularly in Vietnam, as consumers increasingly seek out "Label Rouge" and other certified premium seafood.
🇮🇳 India (The Emerging Market): With the UK-India Free Trade Agreement moving toward implementation in 2026, the sector is preparing to enter the world's third-largest fish market, which is expected to slash existing 30% tariffs to zero.
Strategic Drivers and Challenges
Biological Success: 2025 marked a record year for fish health in the UK. Average survival rates on Scottish farms reached 99.1% in the first half of the year, the highest since records began. This improved biological performance allowed for the 9% increase in export volume.
"Heathrow’s Largest Export": By volume, fresh Scottish salmon remains the single largest export passing through London Heathrow Airport. This logistics pipeline is critical for maintaining the "fresh, never frozen" premium status that defines the UK's brand in the U.S. and Asian markets.
Price Normalization: While volumes hit record highs, the total export value fell slightly by 2%. This was largely due to a massive supply increase from Norway, which pushed global salmon prices down throughout late 2024 and 2025.
2026 Outlook: Diversification and Resilience
As the UK enters 2026, the salmonid industry is focusing on digital efficiency and smarter regulation to maintain its competitive edge. The industry's Gross Value Added (GVA) is now estimated at over £760 million annually, with total economic impact exceeding £1 billion.
Future Trend: 2026 is expected to see a further pivot toward the U.S. and India, as exporters look to capitalize on brand "Brand Scotland" and reduce their historic reliance on the European market.
Canada's Salmonid Trade: Market Resilience Amid Regional Shifts
Canada remains a vital player in the global salmonid market, though its trade landscape is currently undergoing a historic transformation. In 2025 and early 2026, the industry has seen a decisive "coastal flip," with production in Atlantic Canada surpassing British Columbia for the first time in over three decades. Despite regulatory headwinds on the West Coast, Canada continues to be a premium supplier, especially to the high-demand North American market.
📊 Canada Salmonid Trade Snapshot (2025/2026)
The following data reflects the current recovery of the Canadian sector and its heavy integration with the United States.
| Metric | 2025/2026 Performance | Year-on-Year Trend |
| National Export Value | $944.5 Million (CAD) | +15.9% |
| Total Production Volume | 122,280 tonnes | +11.6% |
| Export Volume (Atlantic Salmon) | 74,719 tonnes | +15.9% |
| Export Concentration (USA) | 93.5% of Total Volume | Stable |
| B.C. National Share | 44.7% of Production | 📉 Historical Low |
Regional Shifts and Trade Flow
The Canadian salmon trade is defined by two contrasting coastal trajectories. While national production grew by over 11% in the last year, the source of that volume has shifted significantly toward the East.
The Atlantic Surge: Newfoundland, Labrador, and New Brunswick have become the new engines of Canadian growth. In 2025, production in the Atlantic provinces rose by 18.5%, driven by expanded site capacities and high biological survival rates. This region now provides the bulk of fresh exports to the Eastern United States.
The B.C. Contraction: British Columbia, formerly the clear leader, has seen its share of national output drop to its lowest level since 1991. Federal policy mandates—including the planned 2029 phase-out of open net-pen farms—have led to a 40% reduction in production capacity from peak levels, creating a supply vacuum that international competitors are beginning to fill.
The U.S. Anchor: Canada is the single most critical seafood supplier to the United States. Nearly 94% of all Canadian farmed salmon is destined for U.S. markets, primarily as fresh whole fish or high-value fillets processed in coastal hubs like Seattle.
Market Drivers and Economics
Premium Value Over Volume: While Canada’s total tonnage remains below its 2016 peak, the export value has seen a sharp 15.9% recovery. U.S. retailers consistently pay a premium for Canadian salmon due to its proximity and "fresh, never frozen" status compared to air-freighted products from overseas.
First Nations Integration: A unique driver of the Canadian trade model is the deep partnership with Indigenous communities. Nearly all salmon farms in B.C. operate under formal agreements with First Nations, contributing over $1.17 billion in annual economic activity to the provincial economy.
Biological Gains: National health reports for 2025 indicate high sustainability outcomes, including record-low antibiotic use and survival rates exceeding 99% in key Scottish-style Atlantic operations. These metrics are used as "brand value" to maintain market access in health-conscious urban centers.
2026 Outlook: Tight Supply and Rising Imports
Entering 2026, the Canadian supply remains "tight." As domestic production in the West retracts due to regulatory uncertainty, Canada has actually seen its imports of salmon double to over $700 million, with Norway and Chile stepping in to meet the robust domestic demand for Canada's most-consumed seafood.
Economic Note: The industry currently supports over 18,000 full-time jobs across Canada, with three-quarters of these positions tied directly to the salmon-farming and processing sectors.
Faroe Islands Salmonid Trade: Global Impact and Market Trends
The Faroe Islands have emerged as a world leader in high-efficiency aquaculture, recently overtaking Canada to become the fourth-largest supplier of Atlantic salmon globally. Despite its small size, the nation’s salmonid industry is the backbone of its economy, representing nearly half of its total export value.
📊 Faroe Islands Trade Snapshot (2025/2026)
The 2025–2026 trade cycle has been defined by record-breaking production volumes coupled with significant price volatility due to a global supply surge.
| Metric | 2025 Performance | Year-on-Year Change |
| Salmon Export Volume | ~105,000 tonnes | +23% |
| Total Seafood Export Value | DKK 13.3 Billion | +8% |
| Salmon Share of Goods Exports | ~48% | Stable |
| Avg. Export Price (Aug 2025) | DKK 45 / kg | -37% (vs Jan 2025) |
Key Market Dynamics
The Faroese trade strategy leverages a "premium-only" branding approach, allowing it to maintain a presence in the world's most demanding markets.
🇺🇸 United States (The Strategic Pivot): The U.S. is the primary destination for Faroese salmon. In 2025, the Faroe Islands gained a significant competitive advantage in this market because they were not subject to the 15% tariffs imposed on other major European exporters. This allowed Faroese producers to increase market share in high-end North American retail.
🇨🇳 China and Asia (The Growth Engine): Sales to Asia, particularly China, saw explosive growth in 2025, with some reporting periods showing a 273% increase in value. The Faroese brand is highly valued in the Chinese sashimi market for its consistent quality and size.
🇪🇺 European Union: The EU remains a critical neighbor, with exports to the region rising by over DKK 1 billion in 2025. Poland and the Netherlands serve as the main entry points for further processing and distribution.
🇷🇺 Russia (The Divergence): While major Faroese farming firms continue to boycott the Russian market, some smaller independent entities and the pelagic (wild-catch) sector have maintained trade, with total exports to Russia actually increasing by DKK 500 million in 2025.
Strategic Drivers of Volume
The "Large Smolt" Strategy: The Faroe Islands are a pioneer in raising salmon to a larger size in land-based hatcheries before moving them to sea. This reduces the time spent in open water, drastically lowering the risk of disease and sea lice.
Infrastructure Expansion: Construction of the massive Skálavík hatchery is on track for completion in late 2026. This will increase the nation's annual smolt production capacity to over 24 million fish, ensuring a steady volume of large, high-quality salmon for the next decade.
Biological Performance: Survival rates in Faroese waters reached historic highs in 2025, driven by improved genetics and advanced monitoring technology. This allowed the industry to increase harvest volumes by 17-23% even as global prices softened.
2026 Outlook: Price Recovery
Analysts predict that while 2025 was a year of "high volume, low price," 2026 will see a rebalancing. Global supply growth is expected to plateau at approximately 1%, which should allow Faroese export prices to recover from their 2025 lows.
Economic Fact: Fisheries and aquaculture account for roughly 93% of all Faroese goods exports, making the salmon trade the single most important factor in the nation's GDP stability.
Best Practices in Leading Salmonid Trade Countries
Leading trade nations in the salmonid sector have transitioned from traditional high-volume models to "Blue Transformation" strategies. This evolution prioritizes environmental stewardship, biosecurity, and digital transparency as the primary drivers of market value and long-term resilience.
🏛️ 1. Environmental Governance: The "Traffic Light" System
Top-tier exporters use sophisticated regulatory frameworks to manage the environmental "carrying capacity" of their coastlines. This prevents over-farming and protects wild aquatic ecosystems.
Norway's Zonal Management: Norway is divided into 13 production areas. Each is assigned a status based on sea lice levels:
🟢 Green: Farmers can bid to increase production capacity.
🟡 Yellow: Production is frozen at current levels.
🔴 Red: Producers may be required to reduce their biomass to mitigate environmental risk.
Chile’s Site Optimization: Following recent consolidation, Chile has prioritized moving farms to more exposed, high-flow "offshore" zones. These deeper waters improve water circulation and naturally lower the risk of disease transmission compared to sheltered shoreline sites.
🧬 2. Advanced Biosecurity: Prophylaxis over Therapy
The most successful nations have shifted from treating disease to preventing it through rigorous protocols that exceed international standards.
The "Large Smolt" Strategy: Used extensively in the Faroe Islands and Norway, this practice involves keeping fish in land-based Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) until they are larger (up to 500g+) before moving them to sea. This significantly shortens the time they are exposed to wild sea lice and predators.
Zero-Antibiotic Certification: The Faroe Islands have achieved a near 0% antibiotic use rate, while Norway has reduced its usage by 99% since the 1980s. This is achieved through universal vaccination programs and the use of "cleaner fish" (like lumpfish) to naturally manage parasites.
Humane Harvesting: Starting in August 2026, the new BAP 3.0 Standard will mandate stricter humane slaughter methods and two-day audits to ensure welfare indicators are met across the globe.
♻️ 3. Sustainable Feed and Circular Economy
With feed accounting for nearly 50% of production costs, leading countries are innovating to reduce their reliance on wild-caught forage fish.
| Best Practice | Implementation | Impact |
| FFDR Metrics | Transitioning from simple Feed Conversion Ratios to the Forage Fish Dependency Ratio. | Reduces pressure on wild pelagic fish stocks. |
| Alternative Proteins | Integrating algae-based oils, insect meal, and single-cell proteins into diets. | Lowers the carbon footprint per kg of salmon produced. |
| Circular Waste Use | Using fish viscera and processing by-products for biodiesel or high-grade pet food. | Achieves near 100% utilization of the raw fish material. |
🏷️ 4. Market Value: Certification & Traceability
To command premium prices in a crowded global market, top countries rely on "Brand Origin" protection and third-party verification.
Protected Geographical Indication (PGI): Scottish Salmon holds PGI status, ensuring only salmon produced in specific Scottish regions can use the name, protecting its brand from imitation.
The ASC & BAP Seals: Nearly all top-tier producers now require ASC (Aquaculture Stewardship Council) or BAP (Best Aquaculture Practices) certifications. These labels are crucial for access to major retailers in the US and EU, which have pledged to source only 100% certified sustainable seafood by 2026.
Blockchain Transparency: Consumers can increasingly scan QR codes on products to see a full digital biography of the fish, including its hatchery of origin, the specific feed ingredients used, and its health records.
🏗️ 5. Technological Innovation (2026 Trends)
AI-Driven Feeding: Underwater cameras and AI sensors monitor fish appetite in real-time, shutting off feeders the moment satiation is reached to prevent waste and pollution of the seabed.
Offshore Engineering: Developing semi-submersible "Ocean Farms" that operate in deep, turbulent waters where sea lice cannot survive, effectively removing the biological limits of coastal farming.
How Global Salmonid Statistics are Collected and Organized
The accuracy of the trade volumes and market insights presented in the FAO SOFIA report is the result of a massive, multi-layered data architecture. Collecting data from isolated fjords in Norway to bustling markets in China requires a combination of national reporting, international standardization, and advanced estimation techniques.
1. The Collection Framework: From Local to Global
The FAO does not collect primary data directly from farms. Instead, it acts as a global "clearing house" for information provided by three main sources:
National Statistical Authorities: Every year, member countries (like Chile and Norway) submit official questionnaires—specifically the FISHSTAT NS 1 form—covering their nominal catches and aquaculture production.
Customs and Trade Records: Export and import data are pulled from national customs agencies. These are organized using the Harmonized System (HS) codes, which provide a universal language for "salmon," "frozen fillets," or "smoked trout."
Regional Fisheries Bodies (RFBs): For specific high-value species like wild salmonids or tuna, the FAO cross-checks national data with scientific estimates from regional management groups to ensure consistency.
2. Organizational Taxonomy: Standardizing the Catch
To compare a "Coho salmon" from Chile with a "Sockeye" from Alaska, the data must be organized into a common structural hierarchy.
ISSCAAP Classification: This is the FAO's primary tool for grouping species. Salmonids fall under Group 23 (Salmons, trouts, smelts).
Live Weight Equivalent (WFE): Since salmon is traded in many forms (whole, gutted, filleted, smoked), the FAO converts all trade volumes back to "Whole Fish Equivalent" (WFE). This allows for a fair comparison of the biological impact on global stocks.
ISSCFC Codes: The International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishery Commodities allows the FAO to track exactly how much value is added during processing (e.g., turning raw Norwegian salmon into Polish smoked fillets).
3. Addressing Data Gaps: The Role of Estimation
Global data is rarely perfect. When countries fail to report or provide inconsistent numbers, the FAO employs rigorous "Gap-Filling" methodologies:
| Method | Application |
| Mirror Statistics | If Country A doesn't report its exports to Country B, the FAO uses Country B’s import records to reconstruct the data. |
| Standardized Flags | Data in the SOFIA report often includes flags. For example, "E" indicates an FAO estimate, while "F" indicates a confirmed national figure. |
| Yield Conversion | If only "fillet weight" is known, standard conversion factors (e.g., 1.5kg of whole fish per 1kg of skin-on fillet) are applied to estimate the original biomass. |
Conclusion
The FAO SOFIA report is more than just a list of numbers; it is a global consensus on the state of our aquatic resources. By standardizing diverse national data into a single, transparent architecture, the FAO provides the evidence base required for "Blue Transformation." This organization allows policymakers to identify where growth is sustainable, where trade barriers are forming, and how the salmonid sector can continue to feed a growing global population without depleting the oceans.