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🚢 International Trade in Transport Equipment: Insights from UN Comtrade (SITC Group 7)
The global trade in transport equipment, classified under Section 7: Machinery and Transport Equipment of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), is a major driver of international commerce. This section encompasses everything from passenger cars and aircraft to ships, railway vehicles, and parts and accessories. As a category representing complex, high-value manufactured goods, its trade value reflects the health of the global industrial economy, technological advancement, and international supply chain dynamics.
The UN Comtrade database, maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), serves as the most comprehensive source for international merchandise trade statistics, aggregating detailed import and export data reported by nearly 200 countries. While SITC is primarily an analytical tool—as national trade data is typically collected using the more granular Harmonized System (HS)—UN Comtrade converts and disseminates this data under SITC revisions (currently Rev. 4), facilitating analysis and historical comparison across broad economic groups.
Key Components of Transport Equipment Trade (SITC 7)
SITC Section 7 is typically broken down into two main divisions at the one-digit level:
SITC 71: Machinery and transport equipment, except road vehicles (often grouped with general machinery as SITC 7). However, for a more focused look at Transport Equipment, it's better to examine the two-digit divisions that specifically cover transport means.
The most relevant 2-digit divisions for transport equipment are:
| SITC Rev. 4 Code | Description (2-digit Division) | Core Components |
| 78 | Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles) | Passenger motor cars, lorries (trucks), special purpose motor vehicles, motorcycles, cycles, trailers. |
| 79 | Other transport equipment | Railway vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, ships and boats, and associated parts/accessories. |
Global Trade Value Snapshot: SITC 7 (Machinery and Transport Equipment)
While direct, aggregated global figures for SITC 7 transport equipment sub-groups for a specific recent year require a live query of the UN Comtrade database, general trade statistics highlight the massive scale of this sector.
Trade in machinery and transport equipment (SITC 7) consistently ranks as one of the largest categories in world merchandise trade, often accounting for approximately one-third to 40% of all global exports, as indicated by analyses of major trading blocs like the European Union.
The table below illustrates a hypothetical example based on typical UN Comtrade reporting structure, demonstrating how trade value for SITC 7 and its key transport sub-groups might be presented for a recent reporting period (e.g., World Total, Annual Exports, in Billions of US Dollars).
Disclaimer: The values in this table are illustrative of the scale and relative proportion typically observed in this sector and are not the actual current figures from UN Comtrade, which requires a specific, real-time data pull.
| SITC Code | Description | World Exports Value (US$ Billion) - Illustrative | Share of SITC 7 Total (%) |
| 7 | Machinery and Transport Equipment (Total) | 5,500.0 | 100.0% |
| 71-77 | Machinery (non-transport components of SITC 7) | 3,100.0 | 56.4% |
| 78 | Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles) | 1,950.0 | 35.5% |
| 79 | Other transport equipment | 450.0 | 8.1% |
| 792 | Aircraft and associated equipment; parts | 250.0 | 4.5% |
| 793 | Ships, boats (and structures), and associated parts | 100.0 | 1.8% |
Analysis of Trade Trends
Dominance of Road Vehicles (SITC 78): Trade in road vehicles (SITC 78)—including cars, trucks, and their parts—is overwhelmingly the largest segment of transport equipment trade. This reflects the high production volumes, complex global supply chains for automotive components, and significant consumer and commercial demand worldwide.
High-Value, Niche Markets (SITC 79): The 'Other transport equipment' category (SITC 79), particularly aircraft (SITC 792), represents high-value, but lower-volume goods. The trade in aircraft is often volatile, influenced by large-scale commercial airline or military procurement orders. Trade in ships and boats (SITC 793) is similarly project-based and can fluctuate based on global shipbuilding and shipping demand.
Global Supply Chains: The trade value within SITC 7 often involves significant trade in intermediate goods (parts and accessories for road vehicles, aircraft, etc.), which are re-exported multiple times as they move through international production networks before becoming final products.
The trade value of SITC 7 is a crucial economic indicator, reflecting the concentration of high-tech manufacturing, the extent of global industrial linkages, and the dominant role of manufactured goods in world trade.
🌍 Regional Export Value: UN Comtrade SITC Transport Equipment
To analyze the global trade in transport equipment (SITC 7) by exporter region, we shift the focus from the world total to the major geographical areas and economic blocs responsible for its manufacturing and export. This type of analysis clearly shows the concentration of the world's automotive, aerospace, and shipbuilding industries.
Based on global trade patterns for SITC Section 7 (Machinery and Transport Equipment), the trade value is heavily dominated by three major economic regions: Europe, Asia, and North America.
The table below illustrates the typical structure of transport equipment exports (SITC 78 and 79) by region. While obtaining exact, current UN Comtrade figures for aggregate regional totals is complex without direct database access, the relative proportions and dominant regions are consistent in global trade reports.
Disclaimer: The values in this table are illustrative estimates based on general global trade statistics and regional production capacity for recent years (e.g., 2023). They represent billions of US Dollars (US$ Bn) in total annual exports for the specified SITC groups.
Regional Exports of Transport Equipment (SITC 78 & 79)
| Region / Economic Bloc | SITC 78: Road Vehicles Export Value (US$ Bn) - Illustrative | SITC 79: Other Transport Equipment Export Value (US$ Bn) - Illustrative | SITC 7 (Machinery & Transport Equipment) Total Exports Share | Key Exporting Countries/Areas |
| Europe (EU-27 + Others) | 850 - 950 | 180 - 220 | ~35 - 40% | Germany, Spain, Czechia, France, Italy, UK, Sweden |
| Asia (East & Southeast) | 700 - 800 | 120 - 160 | ~30 - 35% | China, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, India |
| North America (NAFTA/USMCA) | 250 - 350 | 60 - 80 | ~15 - 20% | United States, Mexico, Canada |
| Rest of World | 150 - 250 | 40 - 60 | ~5 - 10% | Brazil, Turkey, South Africa |
| World Total (Approx.) | 1,950 - 2,350 | 400 - 520 | 100% |
📈 Key Insights on Regional Export Dominance
1. Europe (The Automotive Powerhouse)
Dominance in SITC 78: Europe, particularly the Euro Area, is traditionally the largest exporter of Road Vehicles (SITC 78). Countries like Germany and the other manufacturing nations form the core of the global premium and mid-range automotive market, exporting both finished vehicles and a massive volume of high-value parts and accessories.
Significant SITC 79: Europe is also a major center for aerospace (aircraft, parts) and specialized shipbuilding, contributing substantially to SITC 79 (Other Transport Equipment) exports.
2. Asia (The Growth Engine)
Road Vehicle Leadership: Asia, led by China, Japan, and South Korea, is now challenging Europe's lead, especially in the volume of Road Vehicles (SITC 78). China's rapidly growing automotive export sector, particularly in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and parts, has dramatically increased the region's share.
SITC 79 Specialization: Japan and South Korea remain global leaders in specific segments of SITC 79, particularly in commercial shipbuilding and related specialized maritime equipment.
3. North America (Integration and Aerospace)
Automotive Hub: The North American trade bloc (primarily the US and Mexico) is characterized by highly integrated cross-border supply chains for automotive production, making it a massive exporting region for SITC 78. Mexico is a top global exporter of automotive components.
Aerospace Focus: The United States is the world's single largest producer and exporter of SITC 79 (Other Transport Equipment), largely due to its dominance in the aerospace industry (aircraft, spacecraft, and associated parts).
These regional figures underscore how the trade in transport equipment is concentrated among regions with deep manufacturing expertise, advanced technology, and established global supply chain networks.
.jpg "Leading Global Exporters of Transport Equipment (SITC 78 & 79)")
🥇 Leading Global Exporters of Transport Equipment (SITC 78 & 79)
The UN Comtrade data, synthesized with major trade organization reports, consistently shows that the export of Transport Equipment (SITC Section 7, specifically Divisions 78 and 79) is dominated by a few highly industrialized nations. These countries possess the necessary technological, manufacturing, and supply chain infrastructure to produce high-value goods like automobiles, aircraft, and ships.
Here is a breakdown of the leading exporting countries for the two primary divisions of transport equipment, with illustrative export values based on recent global trade trends.
Disclaimer: The export values provided are approximate, illustrative figures in Billions of US Dollars (US$ Bn) for a recent annual period (e.g., 2023 estimates), designed to show the relative magnitude and ranking. Actual UN Comtrade figures require a specific data query for the latest year.
🚗 SITC 78: Leading Exporters of Road Vehicles
This category, which includes passenger cars, trucks, motorcycles, and all their parts and accessories, is the single largest component of global transport equipment trade.
| Rank | Country | Annual Export Value (US$ Bn) - Illustrative | Key Export Focus |
| 1 | Germany | 250 - 300 | Premium passenger cars (BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, VW) and advanced components. |
| 2 | China | 200 - 250 | Rapidly growing volumes in finished vehicles (including EVs) and automotive parts. |
| 3 | Japan | 150 - 200 | High-volume passenger cars (Toyota, Honda, Nissan) and auto parts. |
| 4 | United States | 130 - 180 | Finished vehicles, large trucks, and high-value components (reflects integrated North American trade). |
| 5 | Mexico | 120 - 160 | Heavily integrated into North American supply chain; major exporter of both finished vehicles and parts. |
| 6 | South Korea | 90 - 120 | Passenger cars (Hyundai, Kia) and significant component manufacturing. |
| 7 | Canada | 60 - 90 | Highly integrated automotive production with the US, exporting finished vehicles and parts. |
Analysis:
Germany has historically been the undisputed leader, relying on its high-end automotive industry.
China has seen the most rapid ascent in this category, driven by domestic production scale and aggressive export strategies, particularly for electric and new energy vehicles.
The trade between the US, Mexico, and Canada is highly intertwined, making North America a massive production and export bloc.
✈️ SITC 79: Leading Exporters of Other Transport Equipment
This group includes high-value, specialized items like aircraft, spacecraft, ships, railway vehicles, and their parts. The ranking in this category is often dominated by one or two countries with world-class aerospace and shipbuilding industries.
| Rank | Country | Annual Export Value (US$ Bn) - Illustrative | Key Export Focus |
| 1 | United States | 180 - 230 | Aerospace Dominance (SITC 792): Commercial and military aircraft and parts (Boeing, etc.). |
| 2 | France | 70 - 100 | Aerospace (SITC 792): Airframes and parts (Airbus contribution), and high-speed rail equipment. |
| 3 | Germany | 40 - 70 | Aerospace components (Airbus contribution) and specialized marine/rail equipment. |
| 4 | South Korea | 30 - 50 | Ships and Boats (SITC 793): World leader in building commercial vessels (tankers, container ships). |
| 5 | China | 20 - 40 | Growing capacity in all areas, particularly ships (SITC 793) and railway vehicles. |
Analysis:
The United States maintains a strong lead in this category primarily due to its massive aerospace sector.
France and Germany benefit significantly from the pan-European production and export of Airbus commercial aircraft.
South Korea and China dominate the global export market for new, large commercial ships.
🎉 Conclusion: The Dynamics of Global Transport Equipment Trade (SITC 78 & 79)
The analysis of international trade in Transport Equipment (SITC Divisions 78 and 79) reveals a sector characterized by massive value, high technological intensity, and pronounced geographical concentration.
Summary of Key Findings
Economic Significance: Transport equipment is one of the most vital components of global merchandise trade, consistently accounting for a significant share of all exported goods. Its trade value acts as a reliable barometer of global industrial health and consumer demand.
Dominance of Road Vehicles (SITC 78): Trade in road vehicles (passenger cars, trucks, and parts) is the largest and most frequent contributor to the total value, reflecting the depth and complexity of global automotive supply chains and high consumer volumes.
Geographical Concentration (The Big Three): Export capacity is heavily concentrated in three major regions—Europe, Asia, and North America—which possess the advanced manufacturing, capital investment, and technological expertise required for complex vehicle and aircraft production.
Country Specialization & Trade Surplus:
Net Exporters (SITC 78): Germany and Japan are the enduring champions in net exports of Road Vehicles, with China rapidly rising as a major disruptive force, particularly in the EV sector.
Net Exporters (SITC 79): The United States and the European aerospace block (France/Germany) dominate the net surplus of Other Transport Equipment due to their technological leadership in aerospace, while South Korea and China lead in shipbuilding.
Future Trends: The trade dynamics in this sector are currently experiencing a significant shift, primarily driven by the transition to Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the resultant realignment of automotive supply chains and export dominance, particularly the rise of East Asian nations in EV component and finished-car exports.
In essence, the global movement of transport equipment under the UN Comtrade SITC system illustrates a highly specialized global economy where technological leadership and established manufacturing ecosystems dictate trade flows, linking diverse economies through critical supply chains.
🛍️ Regional Import Value: UN Comtrade SITC Transport Equipment
To understand the demand side of the global transport equipment trade, we look at the import values by major regions. The regions that import the most are typically those with high consumer purchasing power, large industrial sectors that require components for assembly, or significant infrastructure investment needs (e.g., ships, rail).
The global import market for Machinery and Transport Equipment (SITC 7) is dominated by the same major economic regions that lead exports: North America, Europe, and Asia, reflecting their status as the world's primary consumer and manufacturing hubs.
The table below illustrates the typical structure of transport equipment imports (SITC 78 and 79) by region.
Disclaimer: The values in this table are illustrative estimates based on general global trade statistics and known consumption/production patterns for a recent year (e.g., 2023 estimates). They represent billions of US Dollars (US$ Bn) in total annual imports for the specified SITC groups. Note that high import figures in a region like Europe can be due to high intra-regional trade (e.g., Germany importing from France).
Regional Imports of Transport Equipment (SITC 78 & 79)
| Region / Economic Bloc | SITC 78: Road Vehicles Import Value (US$ Bn) - Illustrative | SITC 79: Other Transport Equipment Import Value (US$ Bn) - Illustrative | SITC 7 (Machinery & Transport Equipment) Total Imports Share | Key Import Drivers |
| North America (USMCA/NAFTA) | 450 - 550 | 150 - 200 | ~25 - 30% | US Consumer Demand: High finished vehicle consumption; high volume import of components (e.g., for assembly in Mexico/Canada). |
| Europe (EU-27 + Others) | 400 - 500 | 120 - 160 | ~30 - 35% | Intra-EU Trade: High trade in components for assembly and finished vehicles; large-scale infrastructure projects. |
| Asia (East & Southeast) | 300 - 400 | 100 - 150 | ~20 - 25% | China & Japan: Import of high-value/luxury finished vehicles; specialized aerospace/marine parts; input for re-export. |
| Rest of World (Latin America, Africa, Middle East) | 150 - 200 | 80 - 100 | ~10 - 15% | Development Needs: Finished vehicle imports; aircraft/ships for transport infrastructure and oil/gas industry. |
| World Total (Approx.) | 1,300 - 1,650 | 450 - 610 | 100% |
📈 Key Insights on Regional Import Dominance
1. North America (The Global Consumer)
Leading SITC 78 Importer: The United States is typically the world's single largest importer of finished goods, especially passenger vehicles. The region's total import value is extremely high, driven by vast consumer demand and the integrated North American auto supply chain which necessitates large-scale cross-border component and semi-finished product flows.
Major SITC 79 Buyer: North America is also a massive buyer of aircraft and associated equipment, driven by commercial airline fleet upgrades and defense spending.
2. Europe (The Processing Hub)
High Intra-Regional Trade: Europe's high import figure is partly due to substantial internal trade. For example, a car part might be imported into Poland, assembled, and then imported into Germany for finalization.
Complementary Imports: European countries import specific vehicle models, advanced components, and raw materials that are needed to complement their strong export-oriented manufacturing base.
3. Asia (Consumer and Industrial Demand)
China's Role: While a net exporter, China is a major importer of high-end, luxury, and specialized transport equipment (SITC 78) to satisfy affluent domestic consumers. It also imports machinery and high-precision components to fuel its manufacturing and infrastructure sectors.
SITC 79 Demand: Asian nations, including China, Japan, and South Korea, are significant importers of aircraft and aerospace technology, often sourcing from the US and Europe.
The import value analysis confirms that the highly developed economies of North America and Europe, along with the rapidly expanding economies of Asia, are the engine of global demand that drives the large-scale manufacturing operations of the world's exporting nations.
.jpg "Highest Consumption Countries: Importers of Transport Equipment (SITC 78 & 79)")
🇺🇸 Highest Consumption Countries: Importers of Transport Equipment (SITC 78 & 79)
The "highest consumption country" in trade terms is the nation that records the highest value of imports. This is driven by two main factors: high consumer demand for finished goods and large industrial needs for parts and intermediate products.
Based on global trade statistics for Machinery and Transport Equipment (SITC 7), which includes Road Vehicles (SITC 78) and Other Transport Equipment (SITC 79), the United States is consistently the country with the highest import value, making it the world's largest consumer market for these goods.
Leading Global Importers (Highest Consumption) of Transport Equipment
The table below highlights the top countries by total import value for SITC 7 (Machinery and Transport Equipment). Since transport equipment is the largest component of this section, these rankings accurately reflect the major consuming markets.
Disclaimer: The import values are illustrative estimates (in Billions of US Dollars) based on recent annual global trade data, showing the relative scale and ranking of the world's largest consumers of manufactured transport goods.
| Rank | Country | Annual Import Value (SITC 7 Total, US$ Bn) - Illustrative | Primary Consumption Drivers |
| 1 | United States | 650 - 750 | Consumer Demand: Massive and sustained demand for imported passenger cars and light trucks (SITC 78). Industrial/Defense: Large-scale acquisition of commercial and military aircraft and parts (SITC 79). |
| 2 | China | 350 - 450 | Premium Consumer Demand: Imports of high-end foreign automobiles. Industrial Input: Imports of specialized, high-tech machinery, and components for its vast manufacturing sector. |
| 3 | Germany | 300 - 400 | Re-Export/Assembly: Imports of components, parts, and semi-finished vehicles (SITC 78) from other EU and global partners for final assembly and re-export. Domestic: Moderate finished goods demand. |
| 4 | France | 180 - 250 | Consumer Demand: Strong domestic market for finished road vehicles. Industrial Input: Components and specialized machinery for the domestic aerospace (Airbus) and auto industries. |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 150 - 200 | Consumer Demand: Heavy reliance on imported finished road vehicles (SITC 78) due to domestic production being insufficient to meet demand. |
Consumption Breakdown by Transport Type
🚗 Road Vehicles (SITC 78) Consumption
The United States is the single largest import market for finished passenger cars and light trucks globally, driving the demand for major manufacturers in Germany, Japan, and Mexico.
✈️ Other Transport Equipment (SITC 79) Consumption
The US also holds a top position in importing aircraft and parts, a high-value category, due to the continuous modernization and expansion needs of its massive commercial airline fleets and defense requirements. Countries with large shipbuilding demands, like those in the oil/gas industry or major shipping nations, are also significant consumers of specialized ships and boats (SITC 793).
The overall import ranking clearly establishes the United States as the world's most significant market for transport equipment, acting as the primary consumer that absorbs the surplus production from the world's leading exporting nations.
.jpg "Regulatory Adaptation: Transport Equipment and Global Standards (SITC 7)")
⚙️ Regulatory Adaptation: Transport Equipment and Global Standards (SITC 7)
The "most adapting" countries or economic blocs for transport equipment regulation are not measured by trade value, but by the speed, depth, and influence of their regulatory changes in response to global challenges like climate change, safety, and technological innovation (e.g., EVs and autonomous driving).
The table below identifies the leading global actors based on their proactive development and adoption of new, demanding standards that force both domestic and international manufacturers (SITC 78 & 79 exporters) to adapt.
| Regulatory Powerhouse | Primary Adaptation Focus | Key Regulatory Mechanism Driving Change | Global Impact |
| European Union (EU) | Environmental and Safety Harmonization | General Safety Regulation (GSR), Euro Emissions Standards, Binding Decarbonization Targets. | Forces global manufacturers to overhaul engine and vehicle design for its large, high-value market; drives global UNECE harmonization. |
| United States (US) | Aerospace and Critical Safety Standards | Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Certification, NHTSA Standards, State-Level ZEV Mandates. | Sets the gold standard for global aerospace (SITC 792); U.S. safety and emissions standards require distinct, expensive adaptations by all exporters. |
| China | Technological Transition (Electrification) | New Energy Vehicle (NEV) Mandate / Dual Credit System, Guobiao (GB) Standards. | Rapidly and forcefully restructures global automotive supply chains towards EVs (SITC 78) using binding quotas and strong incentives. |
| Japan / South Korea | Technological Compliance & Exports | Compliance with UN/EU Standards, Domestic Quality Control. | Highly adaptable due to export dependency; quickly integrates international standards (especially for safety and emissions) to maintain global market access. |
Analysis of Regulatory Leadership and Adaptation
EU: Setting the Decarbonization Pace: The EU is the most forward-leaning in adapting standards to combat climate change. Its commitment to phasing out traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and its stringent Euro Emissions Standards force global companies to invest massively in electric and alternative powertrain technologies. The EU’s influence on the UNECE framework also means its regulations often become de facto global standards.
US: The Aerospace and Safety Benchmark: The US, through the FAA, holds the strongest regulatory control over aerospace (SITC 792), with certification being a global necessity for all major aircraft producers (e.g., Airbus). In road vehicles, the U.S. focuses on high-impact safety requirements, often requiring unique vehicle variants to be sold in its market, ensuring continuous adaptation by foreign exporters.
China: Regulatory Force for Industrial Strategy: China uses its regulatory environment as a powerful tool for industrial policy. The NEV Mandate (Dual Credit System) is a unique, powerful mechanism that compels global and domestic manufacturers to rapidly adapt their production portfolios to electric and hybrid vehicles, directly driving its goal of becoming a global EV technology leader.
The most adapting countries are simultaneously the largest regulatory enforcers, using their massive market size to dictate technical and environmental changes that ripple through the global transport equipment trade (SITC 7).
📊 Data Sources and Organizations for UN Comtrade SITC Transport Equipment Trade
The trade values for Transport Equipment (SITC Section 7, Divisions 78 & 79) published by UN Comtrade are the result of a coordinated process involving numerous national and international organizations. This system converts highly detailed national customs data into the standardized SITC format, ensuring global comparability.
The core data collection system is managed by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), which oversees the UN Comtrade database.
Data Sources and Flows
The journey of transport equipment trade data begins at the national level and is standardized through international classification systems.
| Step | Data Source / Input | Classification System | Key Information Provided |
| 1. National Reporting | National Customs Administrations / Statistical Authorities | Harmonized System (HS) (e.g., HS 2022) | Detailed, raw data on every shipment: Export/Import Value, Net Weight, Partner Country, and the HS Code (e.g., $8703.23$ for certain passenger cars). |
| 2. Aggregation & Standardization | UN Comtrade Database (Managed by UNSD) | Correlation Tables (HS to SITC) | Aggregates the raw national data from nearly 200 countries. Normalizes codes (country, commodity) and converts all values to US Dollars. |
| 3. Final Dissemination | UN Comtrade / UNSD Publications | Standard International Trade Classification (SITC Rev. 4) | Publishes time-series data grouped by broad economic categories like SITC 78 (Road Vehicles) and SITC 79 (Other Transport Equipment). |
Organizations Involved in Classification and Dissemination
Several key international organizations collaborate to ensure the trade data is consistent, relevant, and accessible for analysis.
| Organization | Role in Trade Statistics | Relevance to SITC Transport Equipment |
| United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) | Primary Compiler & Disseminator. Manages the UN Comtrade database and the International Merchandise Trade Statistics (IMTS) methodology. | Responsible for maintaining the SITC classification system and converting national HS data into SITC codes for historical and economic analysis of transport trade. |
| World Customs Organization (WCO) | Creator of the HS Code. Develops and maintains the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), the foundational classification used by national customs offices worldwide. | The HS codes for transport equipment are the building blocks for all SITC 7 data (e.g., HS Chapter 87 for vehicles, Chapter 88 for aircraft). |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | Trade Policy Analysis. Uses UN Comtrade and other sources for its own statistical publications and trade monitoring. | Utilizes SITC data to analyze and report on global trade flows, trade barriers, and disputes concerning the automotive and aerospace sectors. |
| National Statistical Offices (NSOs) / Customs | Original Data Collectors. The reporting authority in each member country (e.g., Eurostat, U.S. Census Bureau, General Administration of Customs China). | Provides the raw, primary data in the form of national customs declarations, which is the necessary input for the entire global system. |
Conclusion
The reliability of the trade figures for transport equipment rests on the successful integration of these organizations' efforts: the WCO provides the universal language (HS codes), national authorities provide the raw data, and the UNSD converts and publishes the final standardized statistics (SITC) through the UN Comtrade platform. This hierarchical and collaborative structure ensures that a product like an aircraft engine is tracked accurately from its point of export to its final aggregation in the global SITC 79 statistics.