State Administration Portal

 

Types of State Administration

Types of State Administration

Governing BodyGeographic Distribution of PowerIdeological BasisExample
MonarchyUnitaryAbsolute monarchySaudi Arabia
RepublicFederalDemocraticUnited States
DictatorshipUnitaryAuthoritarianNorth Korea
TheocracyUnitaryReligiousIran
Communist StateUnitaryCommunistChina
Socialist StateUnitarySocialistSweden
Capitalist StateUnitary or FederalCapitalistUnited Kingdom
Presidential SystemUnitaryVariesUnited States
Parliamentary SystemUnitaryVariesUnited Kingdom
Mixed SystemUnitary or FederalVariesFrance


Monarchy Terms

TermDefinition
Absolute MonarchyA form of government where the monarch has unlimited power.
Constitutional MonarchyA monarchy where the monarch's power is limited by a constitution.
Parliamentary MonarchyA constitutional monarchy where the government is led by a prime minister.
Divine Right of KingsThe belief that a monarch's authority comes from God.
Hereditary MonarchyA monarchy where the throne is passed down through a family.
Elective MonarchyA monarchy where the monarch is chosen by a group of people.
MonarchyA form of government ruled by a single person.
KingA male monarch.
QueenA female monarch.
EmperorA monarch who rules over a vast empire.
EmpressA female emperor.
CzarA Russian emperor.
TsarinaA female Russian emperor.
SultanA Muslim ruler, especially in the Ottoman Empire.
ShahA Persian or Iranian monarch.
PharaohA ruler of ancient Egypt.
KaiserA German emperor.
RexA Latin term for king.
ReginaA Latin term for queen.
Royal FamilyThe family of a monarch.
SuccessionThe order in which a monarch's heirs will inherit the throne.
AbdicationThe act of a monarch voluntarily giving up the throne.
RegentA person who rules a country in the place of a monarch who is unable to do so.
CoronationThe ceremony in which a monarch is officially crowned.
Royal CourtThe people who serve a monarch and their household.
PalaceThe official residence of a monarch.
Royal GuardThe armed forces that protect a monarch and their family.
Royal SymbolismThe objects, images, and rituals associated with a monarchy.


29 Terms Related to Republic

TermDefinition
RepublicA form of government where supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives.
DemocracyA political system where the people have the power to make decisions and govern themselves.
Representative DemocracyA form of democracy where people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
Direct DemocracyA form of democracy where people vote directly on laws and policies.
Federal RepublicA republic where power is divided between a central government and smaller, regional governments.
Unitary RepublicA republic where all power is concentrated in the central government.
Presidential RepublicA republic where the head of state is a president who is both the head of government and the chief executive.
Parliamentary RepublicA republic where the head of state is a ceremonial figure, and the government is led by a prime minister.
ConstitutionA document that outlines the basic laws and principles of a government.
Bill of RightsA document that guarantees the fundamental rights of citizens.
LegislatureThe law-making body of a government.
CongressThe legislative body of the United States.
ParliamentThe legislative body of the United Kingdom.
Executive BranchThe branch of government responsible for carrying out laws.
PresidentThe head of state and government in a presidential republic.
Prime MinisterThe head of government in a parliamentary republic.
CabinetA group of government ministers who advise the president or prime minister.
JudiciaryThe branch of government responsible for interpreting laws and resolving disputes.
Supreme CourtThe highest court in a country.
Judicial ReviewThe power of a court to declare laws unconstitutional.
Electoral CollegeA body of electors that chooses the president in the United States.
SuffrageThe right to vote.
Political PartyA group of people who share similar political beliefs and work together to achieve their goals.
ElectionA process by which people choose their representatives.
BallotA document used to vote in an election.
Voter TurnoutThe percentage of eligible voters who actually vote in an election.
Political CampaignThe organized effort by a candidate or political party to win an election.
Public OpinionThe collective opinions of the public on a particular issue.

29 Terms Related to Dictatorship

TermDefinition
DictatorshipA form of government where a single person or small group holds absolute power.
AutocracyA government ruled by a single person with unlimited power.
TotalitarianismA form of government that seeks to control all aspects of society, including politics, economics, and culture.
TyrannyA government ruled by a cruel and oppressive leader.
DespotismA form of government characterized by arbitrary and oppressive rule.
AuthoritarianismA political system where a small group or single person holds power and suppresses opposition.
MilitarismA policy or belief that a country should maintain a strong military.
Police StateA state where the government heavily relies on police and surveillance to maintain control.
PropagandaThe spread of information or ideas to promote a particular cause or point of view.
CensorshipThe control or suppression of speech or publication.
SurveillanceThe close observation of a person or group.
RepressionThe act of suppressing or subduing something.
PersecutionThe act of treating a person or group of people unfairly or harshly.
GenocideThe deliberate and systematic extermination of a group of people.
Cult of PersonalityA situation where a leader is idolized and worshipped.
PropagandaThe spread of information or ideas to promote a particular cause or point of view.
CensorshipThe control or suppression of speech or publication.
SurveillanceThe close observation of a person or group.
RepressionThe act of suppressing or subduing something.
PersecutionThe act of treating a person or group of people unfairly or harshly.
GenocideThe deliberate and systematic extermination of a group of people.
Cult of PersonalityA situation where a leader is idolized and worshipped.
Coup d'étatA sudden and violent overthrow of a government.
Martial LawMilitary rule imposed in response to a crisis.
Emergency PowersExtraordinary powers granted to a government in times of crisis.
GulagA forced labor camp in the Soviet Union.
Concentration CampA place where large groups of people, especially political prisoners, are detained and often subjected to harsh conditions.
Political PrisonerA person imprisoned for their political beliefs or activities.
DissentThe expression of opinions or beliefs that oppose official policy.

29 Terms Related to Dictatorship

TermDefinition
DictatorshipA form of government where a single person or small group holds absolute power.
AutocracyA government ruled by a single person with unlimited power.
TotalitarianismA form of government that seeks to control all aspects of society, including politics, economics, and culture.
TyrannyA government ruled by a cruel and oppressive leader.
DespotismA form of government characterized by arbitrary and oppressive rule.
AuthoritarianismA political system where a small group or single person holds power and suppresses opposition.
MilitarismA policy or belief that a country should maintain a strong military.
Police StateA state where the government heavily relies on police and surveillance to maintain control.
PropagandaThe spread of information or ideas to promote a particular cause or point of view.
CensorshipThe control or suppression of speech or publication.
SurveillanceThe close observation of a person or group.
RepressionThe act of suppressing or subduing something.
PersecutionThe act of treating a person or group of people unfairly or harshly.
GenocideThe deliberate and systematic extermination of a group of people.
Cult of PersonalityA situation where a leader is idolized and worshipped.
PropagandaThe spread of information or ideas to promote a particular cause or point of view.
CensorshipThe control or suppression of speech or publication.
SurveillanceThe close observation of a person or group.
RepressionThe act of suppressing or subduing something.
PersecutionThe act of treating a person or group of people unfairly or harshly.
GenocideThe deliberate and systematic extermination of a group of people.
Cult of PersonalityA situation where a leader is idolized and worshipped.
Coup d'étatA sudden and violent overthrow of a government.
Martial LawMilitary rule imposed in response to a crisis.
Emergency PowersExtraordinary powers granted to a government in times of crisis.
GulagA forced labor camp in the Soviet Union.
Concentration CampA place where large groups of people, especially political prisoners, are detained and often subjected to harsh conditions.
Political PrisonerA person imprisoned for their political beliefs or activities.
DissentThe expression of opinions or beliefs that oppose official policy.


29 Terms Related to Theocracy

TermDefinition
TheocracyA government ruled by religious leaders who claim divine authority.
Divine Right of KingsThe belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.
Religious LawLaws based on religious teachings.
ClericA person ordained to perform religious rites.
ImamA religious leader in Islam.
RabbiA religious leader in Judaism.
PriestA religious leader, especially in Christianity.
PopeThe head of the Catholic Church.
AyatollahA high-ranking religious leader in Iran.
PatriarchA head of a church or religious community.
HierarchyA system of organization in which people or things are ranked according to their importance.
Religious PoliceA force tasked with enforcing religious laws.
Religious FreedomThe right to practice any religion or no religion at all.
BlasphemyThe act of speaking or writing disrespectfully about God or religion.
HeresyThe belief or teaching that is considered to be contrary to the accepted doctrines of a religion.
InquisitionA religious court that investigated and punished heresy.
JihadA holy war undertaken by Muslims to defend their faith.
CrusadesA series of religious wars launched by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims.
Religious ExtremismThe belief that religion should be the dominant force in society and that extreme measures may be necessary to achieve this goal.
Religious FundamentalismA belief in the strict observance of religious laws and traditions.
SecularismThe separation of religion from the state.
State ChurchA church officially recognized and supported by a government.
Religious ToleranceThe acceptance of different religious beliefs.
Religious PluralismThe existence of a variety of religions within a society.
Interfaith DialogueCommunication and cooperation between people of different religions.
Religious ConversionThe act of changing one's religious beliefs.
Religious PersecutionThe treatment of a person or group of people unfairly or harshly because of their religious beliefs.
Religious ConflictConflict between people of different religions.


29 Terms Related to Communist States

TermDefinition
Communist StateA state where the government owns and controls the means of production and distribution.
Marxism-LeninismThe ideology that forms the basis of most communist states.
SocialismA political and economic system where the community owns and controls property and resources.
RevolutionA sudden and violent overthrow of an existing government.
ProletariatThe working class.
BourgeoisieThe middle class.
Class StruggleThe conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.
Dictatorship of the ProletariatA temporary period of rule by the working class before the establishment of a communist society.
Communist PartyThe ruling party in a communist state.
Centralized PlanningAn economic system where the government makes all decisions about production and distribution.
State-Owned EnterprisesBusinesses owned and operated by the government.
CollectivizationThe process of combining small farms into large, state-owned farms.
Planned EconomyAn economy where production and distribution are planned by the government.
Command EconomyAnother term for a planned economy.
Economic InequalityThe unequal distribution of wealth and resources within a society.
Classless SocietyA society where there are no social classes.
Communist ManifestoA book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that outlines the principles of communism.
Soviet UnionThe former communist state that existed from 1917 to 1991.
People's Republic of ChinaThe communist state that has existed since 1949.
Iron CurtainA term used to describe the division between communist and non-communist states in Europe after World War II.
Cold WarThe ideological and political conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.
DétenteA period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1970s.
GlasnostThe policy of openness introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union.
PerestroikaThe policy of restructuring introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union.
Velvet RevolutionA peaceful revolution that led to the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia in 1989.
Fall of the Berlin WallA symbolic event that marked the end of the Cold War.


29 Terms Related to Communist State

TermDefinition
Communist StateA state where the government owns and controls the means of production and distribution.
Marxism-LeninismThe ideology that forms the basis of most communist states.
SocialismA political and economic system where the community owns and controls property and resources.
RevolutionA sudden and violent overthrow of an existing government.
ProletariatThe working class.
BourgeoisieThe middle class.
Class StruggleThe conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.
Dictatorship of the ProletariatA temporary period of rule by the working class before the establishment of a communist society.
Communist PartyThe ruling party in a communist state.
Centralized PlanningAn economic system where the government makes all decisions about production and distribution.
State-Owned EnterprisesBusinesses owned and operated by the government.
CollectivizationThe process of combining small farms into large, state-owned farms.
Planned EconomyAn economy where production and distribution are planned by the government.
Command EconomyAnother term for a planned economy.
Economic InequalityThe unequal distribution of wealth and resources within a society.
Classless Society